OK so on Friday I went off to the Musee d'Aquitaine to start work on my fourth essay for FR 450. Unfortunately, one entire section of the museum was blocked off, but that was okay because there was a group of children following behind me and I was able to escape them by going upstairs instead of into the next section. They really ruin the ambiance. I would tell you more about the museum, but I guarantee that's going to be going into my essay and I'll post that as soon as it's done. (I probably should start actually writing it... oh well).
That's really all I did on Friday. I started scanning some of my notes from my classes so I can get rid of all the papers I have floating around here that are definitely not necessary.
Today's Saturday and earlier this week I agreed to go to Sophie's to do some Christmas baking. But then I entirely forgot about it and didn't know where she lived and would have been six hours late, so I obviously didn't go to that today.
This morning I went out on St. Catherine and I bought a new pair of earrings. Not important, but I quite like them.
Speaking of St. Catherine, I'd like to address the new security in Bordeaux since the terrorist attacks in Paris. It's out of controle (accent circonflex o) [also it's a pun].
Anyways, you always had to go through a "controle" when you went to the library or the museum, meaning that you opened your bag so the security officer could see inside. But now, you also have to unzip your coat and open your bag and sometimes they shine flashlights inside. And it's not only the municipal library and the museum--it's all the malls, any really big store, and sometimes the street leading to a bunch of big stores (like the Promenade St. Catherine).
They don't always ask me to unzip my coat, even when they ask the people I'm walking with to do so because apparently my coat is "so small." But I will inform you that if I can smuggle a panini the length of my torso for four blocks back to my apartment, I can smuggle a gun--so stop skimping on the tiny people.
In addition to the greater number of controles, we also now have uniformed soldiers posted in two places off of St. Catherine. I don't know why that street is so important, it only crosses St. C. and I don't think any of the buildings between the soldiers look that important. They wear the same uniform and carry the same guns as I saw in Paris over Toussaint, but there's only four in comparison to the fourteen I saw in Paris, so I can't imagine what their security looks like now. Walking home from the movies the other night, the soldiers were wearing these huge green matching mufflers that went from their shoulders to up past their noses. I'm sure they're glad to be warm, but I imagine standing there for hours with that on would get soggy and claustrophobic.
The bottom floor of the building I'm currently staying at is an Indian restaurant. So tonight I went out and got chicken Tikka Masala and naan and I ate all of it and now my tummy hurts. It was worth it though, because the microwave doesn't work and I wouldn't have been able to eat it again tomorrow.
Speaking of the microwave, remember when I tried to use it and I had to take out the plate of spaghetti and coffee (???) in order to attempt to cook my oatmeal? Well I got curious today and I checked inside of it. The same coffee and spaghetti are still there and they are very very very moldy. A cool fuzzy mold that's green on the bottom and huge fluffy white on top. I thought about cleaning it up and then I thought "nah." Have fun with that later yogurt&pudding-stealing-roomies!!
MWAHAHAHA
Saturday, December 5, 2015
Thursday, December 3, 2015
Unflowy
On Wednesday morning I went to the train station to pick up my ticket to London. It wouldn't have been hard but I forgot which credit card I had used so I had a bunch of stress thinking I was too stupid to understand the machine when in actuality, I was doing it right. I had to go to information and then to the SNCF office, so I'm glad I didn't wait until the 12th to take care of it.
From there, I went home and I worked some more on that essay and sent it off to Madison to revise. I didn't read it over before that stage, and I think she really appreciated the entire lack of transitions and unflowy sentences.
After I finished the paper I bought a pizza from the guy at Tricolor who looks like Hemraj and I ate it in its entirety.
I was working on a Shrek marathon when I got a message from Julie that I was going to have to get out of bed and go ice skating. I refused but eventually I was peer-pressured from both France and the US to go to the revised plan of seeing Spectre at the cinema. It was definitely an improvement over 21 Nuits.
Unfortunately, in running for the last tram, everyone (including myself) ran the wrong direction and I ended up walking 2.5 miles home instead of the like 4 tram stops it would have taken. #awkward.
Then I took a shower (you're welcome Domenic) and went to sleep.
Today I didn't do anything except turn in a library book at Montaigne, buy food, eat an entire bag of chips, do the references for that paper, and sit here writing these.
Though I just realized I still have to go to French class tonight, and I definitely don't want to. Our prof probably won't show up and I'll have to put real pants on.
From there, I went home and I worked some more on that essay and sent it off to Madison to revise. I didn't read it over before that stage, and I think she really appreciated the entire lack of transitions and unflowy sentences.
After I finished the paper I bought a pizza from the guy at Tricolor who looks like Hemraj and I ate it in its entirety.
I was working on a Shrek marathon when I got a message from Julie that I was going to have to get out of bed and go ice skating. I refused but eventually I was peer-pressured from both France and the US to go to the revised plan of seeing Spectre at the cinema. It was definitely an improvement over 21 Nuits.
Unfortunately, in running for the last tram, everyone (including myself) ran the wrong direction and I ended up walking 2.5 miles home instead of the like 4 tram stops it would have taken. #awkward.
Then I took a shower (you're welcome Domenic) and went to sleep.
Today I didn't do anything except turn in a library book at Montaigne, buy food, eat an entire bag of chips, do the references for that paper, and sit here writing these.
Though I just realized I still have to go to French class tonight, and I definitely don't want to. Our prof probably won't show up and I'll have to put real pants on.
Dat Paper Doe
Oh and before I go on to Wednesday here's my cognition paper:
Sara
MOHR
Cognition
01/12/2015
La
Subjectivité de Benveniste et L’Intersubjectivité de Duranti
La subjectivité
et l’intersubjectivité sont des concepts bien connues dans un discours de
représentation maintenant, mais elles sont vraiment plus récentes dans la
linguistique que dans la philosophie d’où elles ont origines. On voit, dans les textes « De la
subjectivité dans le langage » par Émile Benveniste et « Husserl,
intersubjectivity and anthopology » par Alessandro Duranti, que leurs
travails ont influencé une discussion de la subjectivité et l’intersubjectivité
qui est relevant à l’anthropologie linguistique et l’étude de représentation.
Émile
Benveniste est né en 1902 au Syrie du Nord.
Il a commencé une étude rabbinique, mais après les enseigneurs ont
trouvé sa capacité pour la linguistique, il commençait ses études à la Sorbonne
(“Benveniste,
Émile (1902-76).” 2013). Benveniste a traversé entre la linguistique
Indo-Européen et la linguistique pure en suivant une conception Saussurien (“Benveniste,
Émile.” 1995). Comme des autres linguistes et philosophes à
la même époque, il a contesté le dualisme de Saussure par ajoutant le concept
des dimensions et le contexte en construisant le sens des phrases (“Benveniste,
Émile.” 1995).
Le
travail plus connu de Benveniste est son livre Problèmes de Linguistique Générale.
Dans ce livre, son article « De la subjectivité dans le
langage, » explique bien son idée de subjectivité. Benveniste discute que le langage est la
nature d’homme, et le langage crée la communication, pas vice versa. Tous les langages du monde ont des formes
linguistique pour la subjectivité, et le langage ne fonctionnerait jamais, ou
être imaginé, sans la subjectivité. La
subjectivité est fondamental au langage parce qu’elle donne la polarité des
personnes, il dit, et cette polarité apparaît seulement dans le langage pour
causer la communication. La subjectivité,
explique Benveniste, produit les effets du changement de perception,
aussi. Elle donne une indication d’attitude
et pas une description d’opération ; tout en transmettant le contexte pour
caractériser l’état du locateur de la phrase.
Benveniste continue avec des exemples de l’effet de sens produit par
changeant le locateur et forme personnel du verbe. Cette condition n’est pas donnée par le sens
du verbe, mais dans la subjectivité du discours (Benveniste 1966).
Problèmes de Linguistique Générale était
publié en 1966 quand Alessandro Duranti avait seulement 16 ans. Né en 1950, il a fait ses études licences à
l’Université de Rome, et a complété son diplôme doctorat à l’Université de
Californie du Sud (Duranti 2003).
Maintenant, il est professeur d’anthropologie à l’Université de
Californie Los Angeles et son biographie professionnel dit qu’il est intéressé
aux sujets de l’agence, l’intentionnalité, et l’intersubjectivité (“Professor
Alessandro Duranti.”).
Son plus
grand article de l’intersubjectivité, « Husserl, intersubjectivity and
anthropology, » était publié en 2010, mais il discute les travails âgés et
les perceptions du topic. Comme
Benveniste, Husserl était le premier de vraiment discuter un concept comme
intersubjectivité dans la linguistique.
Dans cet article, Duranti parle aux inexactitudes actuelles du mot
intersubjectivité et le concept en totalité.
L’intersubjectivité est détaché d’Husserl et maintenant est connu comme
« compréhension réciproque. »
Cette définition ne peut pas être plus loin de la définition proposé par
Husserl et continué par Duranti.
L’intersubjectivité, il explique, est une condition universelle des
humains, la base d’expérience de sens de notre monde. Surtout, l’intersubjectivité est la
possibilité d’interaction et compréhension entre les humains ; parfois,
quand les « Autres » sont là, comme en travaillant ensemble, mais
aussi quand les Autres ne sont pas du tout présent. Le monde des Autres, exposé par langage
et les sémiotiques, est actif et relevant n’importe quoi, Duranti explique. Ça c’est le vrai sens de l’intersubjectivité,
l’étendue qui couvert tout l’expérience humain en évoquant la connaissance des
Autres avant la communication. L’usage
de langage, continue Duranti, montre la possibilité de l’Autre en exhibant
l’intersubjectivité avant que le message est vraiment décodé avec l’information
grammaticale et indexicale (Duranti 2010).
Duranti
termine l’article en disant que si on voit l’intersubjectivité comme gradient,
on pourra encourager l’étude interdisciplinaire de la socialité humaine (Duranti
2010). Mais on peut voir que les
travails de la subjectivité et l’intersubjectivité ont déjà eu des effets sur
le monde linguistique. Les phénomènes
associés avec ses idées influencent une grande portée des formes linguistiques
(Cumming et al. 2011). Les facteurs
d’attitudes ne reflètent pas la contenu de la phrase et l’information, mais
comment l’était des affaires sont vu. Ça
change la forme du nom ou le placement des arguments dans les phrases, un effet
purement linguistique (Cumming et al. 2011).
On peut élargir la subjectivité aussi à la narratologie pour étudier
comment les autres actes communicatives créent des positions subjectives. Cette étude contient des locuteurs, auteurs,
textes, et audiences, s’ils sont réels ou imaginés ; un concept dont on ne
peut pas penser sans ces travails déjà faits (White 2000).
Dans le
monde linguistique, plusieurs concepts philosophes changent aux concepts
linguistiques, mais il ne reste pas beaucoup qui ont duré comme la subjectivité
et l’intersubjectivité. Les travails de
Benveniste et Duranti ont changé la perception du monde sur les choses que tout
le monde expérience, mais sauf les linguistes, personne ne reconnaît.
Références
“Benveniste,
Émile (1902-76).” Oxford Reference: A Dictionary of Critical Theory. 2013.
Web.
25 Nov 2015.
“Benveniste,
Émile.” The New Oxford Companion to
Literature in French. 1995.
Web. 25 Nov
2015.
Benveniste,
É. “Subjectivity in Language.” In Problems
in General Linguistics. 1966. Trans.
Mary Elizabeth Meek. University of Miami Press, 1971. Web.
24 Nov 2015.
Cumming,
S., Ono, T., and Laury, R. “Discourse,
Grammar, and Interaction.” Discourse
Studies:
A Multidisciplinary Introduction. Ed.
Teun A. Van Dijk. California:
SAGE
Publications
Inc., 2011. 8-36. Web. 26 Nov 2015.
Duranti,
A. “Husserl, Intersubjectivity, and Anthropology.” Anthropological
Theory. 10.1
(2010): 1-20. Web. 25 Nov 2015.
Duranti,
A. “Language as Culture in U.S.
Anthropology.” Current Anthropology. 44.3
(2003):
323-347. Web. 25 Nov 2015.
“Professor
Alessandro Duranti.” University of California at Los Angeles. n.d. Web. 25 Nov
2015.
White,
G.M. “Histories and
Subjectivities.” Ethos. 28.4 (2000): 493-510. Web. 25 Nov 2015.
When you are six hours early for class
Tuesday was quite a disaster.
I woke up to go to Cognition class at 8:30. I bought a chocolatine and while I waited in class eating it, I realized that class was actually meeting in the afternoon. When I opened my notebook, it informed me that class was at 14h30 and that was why I was the only one in the room.
The good news is that I was then able to go to the store and buy lunch before 10am. I then got back in my bed to write that essay.
I went to class at 2:30 and I turned in my final University paper. The prof was so excited to see me smiling while I turned it in, which begs the question why she didn't mention that she was concerned about me at any point in the semester. But eh, doesn't really matter. Paper's done!!!
I tried to make some oatmeal here but the microwave doesn't work so I had cold oatmeal which could have been better honestly.
[I would like to mention on a side note that someone in this apartment is eating my food out of the fridge and so today (thursday) I went and bought all non-fridge food except some cream cheese which I figure doesn't really need to be refridgerated]
That didn't have anything to do with Thursday but I was just thinking about eating something else right now.
Thursday night I had to go to French class which is obviously one of the worst things. She gave us another set of expressions to learn for the text next week. Ugh.
After class Julie and I went to a neuro lecture at the bar on the corner by St. Nicholas. I don't know why they were holding a neuro lecture there, and I only really understood anything I'd already learned about in class so it wasn't the most informative for me.
I stayed over at Julie's on Tuesday night because it was so cold in my room. Too cold.
I woke up to go to Cognition class at 8:30. I bought a chocolatine and while I waited in class eating it, I realized that class was actually meeting in the afternoon. When I opened my notebook, it informed me that class was at 14h30 and that was why I was the only one in the room.
The good news is that I was then able to go to the store and buy lunch before 10am. I then got back in my bed to write that essay.
I went to class at 2:30 and I turned in my final University paper. The prof was so excited to see me smiling while I turned it in, which begs the question why she didn't mention that she was concerned about me at any point in the semester. But eh, doesn't really matter. Paper's done!!!
I tried to make some oatmeal here but the microwave doesn't work so I had cold oatmeal which could have been better honestly.
[I would like to mention on a side note that someone in this apartment is eating my food out of the fridge and so today (thursday) I went and bought all non-fridge food except some cream cheese which I figure doesn't really need to be refridgerated]
That didn't have anything to do with Thursday but I was just thinking about eating something else right now.
Thursday night I had to go to French class which is obviously one of the worst things. She gave us another set of expressions to learn for the text next week. Ugh.
After class Julie and I went to a neuro lecture at the bar on the corner by St. Nicholas. I don't know why they were holding a neuro lecture there, and I only really understood anything I'd already learned about in class so it wasn't the most informative for me.
I stayed over at Julie's on Tuesday night because it was so cold in my room. Too cold.
Too many important things
Alright, so now to inform you of how my life has been since the 27th. Much stress is how it's been.
I moved out of the residence on the 30th which was so incredibly stressful. I moved some things over to the new apartment on Sunday, but I waited until Monday morning to finish trucking things over. I'm clearly not as strong as I think I am. But, it was really nice out and I didn't even have to wear a coat.
For the state of exit from my building, I had to clean everything that existed in my apartment. Then three people came in, two men and a woman. While the men were puttering about loudly talking about how well I'd cleaned things, the woman was trying to tell me important things. Like how I have to keep my bank account open for two more months after I leave so that I can receive my security deposit back. What a pain. And then we'll have to pay a wire transfer fee to send my money back home. What ugh. It was stressful.
After they left I still had the keys to the apartment because I had to clean my shower drain and my mirror again. I probably didn't clean them as well as the people wanted, but it did give me a chance to eat an entire pack of butter cookies as a farewell party for myself.
The rest of Monday I spent spreading things out in my new apartment to prepare to get rid of everything I own, and then Julie and Max and I went to the movies to see 21 Nuits Avec Pattie.
Do not go see it. It's a freaky movie and should be avoided at all costs. Too freaky.
This apartment is really cold, but it turns out that I was using the wrong heater.
That was Monday.
I moved out of the residence on the 30th which was so incredibly stressful. I moved some things over to the new apartment on Sunday, but I waited until Monday morning to finish trucking things over. I'm clearly not as strong as I think I am. But, it was really nice out and I didn't even have to wear a coat.
For the state of exit from my building, I had to clean everything that existed in my apartment. Then three people came in, two men and a woman. While the men were puttering about loudly talking about how well I'd cleaned things, the woman was trying to tell me important things. Like how I have to keep my bank account open for two more months after I leave so that I can receive my security deposit back. What a pain. And then we'll have to pay a wire transfer fee to send my money back home. What ugh. It was stressful.
After they left I still had the keys to the apartment because I had to clean my shower drain and my mirror again. I probably didn't clean them as well as the people wanted, but it did give me a chance to eat an entire pack of butter cookies as a farewell party for myself.
The rest of Monday I spent spreading things out in my new apartment to prepare to get rid of everything I own, and then Julie and Max and I went to the movies to see 21 Nuits Avec Pattie.
Do not go see it. It's a freaky movie and should be avoided at all costs. Too freaky.
This apartment is really cold, but it turns out that I was using the wrong heater.
That was Monday.
Marche des Capucins
First off, I just finished and turned in my third FR 450 essay. It is below: (please enjoy the quality work--it's so cold in this room I may have made more spelling mistakes when my fingers stopped working).
Sara Mohr
FR 450
12/03/2015
Marché
des Capucins
Yesterday I officially moved out of my residence on Cours
de l’Yser. While debating whether
wearing my gloves to bed was really going to help with the attic-induced cold,
I thought about what I was going to miss from my old neighborhood. I didn’t realize that moving half a mile
northeast could so drastically change the route I take. I will no longer have a solid reason to buy
that kebab panini at 2am simply because I’ll walk right past the all-night
bakery. There is an upside, my new
apartment puts me out on Cours de la Somme on the far side of the Vivo Shop, so
I will never again have to walk past the man who always winks at me.
Unfortunately
though, I am now farther away from the Marché des Capucins. The market is open every day with extended
hours on Sundays, and I have been nearly every Sunday since I moved into the
residence. It’s a huge building with
dozens of fruit and vegetable venders, cheese and meat counters, and tiny
seafood restaurants with three or four tables each. My only problem with the market is its strong
oyster smell. After trying them with
other Erasmus in September, I can no longer stand the smell of saltwater
without imagining the gritty, slimy, sandy taste.
While I’ve only been going to the market for a few
months, it has clearly existed longer than my stay in Bordeaux; but I had no
idea it was over 250 years. The official
Marché des Capucins website states that the first weekly market was held on
October 2nd of 1749. The name
derives from the Capucins, a religious group that arrived in the neighborhood to
convert the population. Their robes had
a pointed hood, the translation in French:
a “capuce” (Marché des Capucins
(2)). Originally, the Les Capucins was
not a market at all, but a neighborhood and a group of people, currently called
Les Capucinards. The market arose from within this group and each family passed
their trade down by generation (Caro 1994).
M.
Caro discussed the importance of these generations in his Master’s thesis at
the University of Bordeaux in 1994. The
reconstruction of the market to its current state was to begin in 1995, and M.
Caro seems hesitant in his work to posit the future of this new reconstructed
market. His only direct statement about
the future is: “Les Capucins! The phenomenon has persisted for two
centuries, let’s hope that it continues through the 21st.”[1] (Caro 1994).
The
permanent building with which M. Caro would have been familiar had been
constructed in 1878 though the project began 15 years before the purchase of
the materials (Marché des Capucins (2)). The necessity of a market as large as
Capucins was due to big changes in Bordeaux’s population. Between 1851 and 1954 the population of
Bordeaux nearly quadrupled as the city drew men to work in its center. Before the markets arrived in full-force, the
producers sold to venders who then raised their prices to sell right back to
the producers and workers (Bonneau 2013).
It wasn’t until 1857 that the large expansion and familial passing down
of physical shops by Les Capucins began (Marché
des Capucins (2)). These “market
suburbs” in Bordeaux revitalized the coast and brought more people working and
vacationing to France’s South-West coast (Bonneau 2013).
Some tourist sites even suggest a
visit to the Marché des Capucins, recommending a view from above to fully
experience the market culture. One
website called the Marché des Capucins “the belly of Bordeaux,” though whether
that refers to its placement near the city’s center or its position as the
largest market in Bordeaux is uncertain.
In my experience, it is the best place to buy fresh food, and is definitely
less expensive than the supermarkets (Marché
des Capucins (1)). By the time I get
to the market around 11 or 12, the venders have already been selling for six
hours but are usually very nice.
Going
to the market is the best part about Sundays; something new or interesting
seems to happen every time. My first
trip was a bit like going into the animal barns at the State Fair. It’s obvious that everyone else knows what’s
going on, but you’re just walking around wondering what you just stepped
in. It took me a while to be assertive
enough about my place in line, and on one occasion I was mistaken for the child
of the guy next to me. The vender passed
over me for my payment until the man left and he realized I was still waiting.
The market is bustling and exciting when it’s open, and
is an interesting study in architecture during the daytime. However, unlike Rue St. Catherine, there’s no
reason to be in the neighborhood after dark, and there are few streetlights or
stores open. Bordeaux has many
historical monuments that are beautiful to behold in the daytime, but a little
creepy at night. The most
straightforward route from the Quai to my residence passed the Grand Cloche,
the immigration arch, and the Marché du Capucins. At two in the morning I’m not looking for
dark, abandoned, and silent; and I will say I prefer the more direct and better
lit route to my new apartment from the Quai.
Even though it’s creepy at night, I will miss the Marché
des Capucins. Access to groceries is
definitely different in Waverly, Iowa, and it will be quite the transition back
to Mensa food. I imagine that Waverly
has a farmer’s market, but as with the one in Cedar Rapids; I will likely not
have the motivation to get in my car to drive to a market. Because of my hesitation to take the time to
drive, I may have missed out on history in my own town. Reading through M. Caro’s thesis has given me
an appreciation for the years of work that have gone into the Marché des
Capucins. He includes a very poignant
statement on the importance of the market to the entire city of Bordeaux: “Seen from the inside, seen from the outside;
les Capucins and their merchants are a world that has marked an age, the memory
of Bordeaux cannot ignore this phenomenon, it’s a social fact” (Caro 1994).[2] When I return, I plan to seek out the Waverly
market, and compare it to my experience at the largest market in Bordeaux.
References
Bonneau,
Emmaneulle. “La banlieue maraîchère de
Bordeaux: Souvenirs d’un géographe.”
CaMBo.
Nov 2013: 20-21. Web.
Caro,
Olivier. Rue Elie Gintrac: Un regard sur la culture du marché des Capucins. Diss.
Université de Bordeaux 2, 1994. Print.
Marché des Capucins: The
Belly of Bordeaux. (1). Europeanbestdestinations.com. n.p.
Web. 01
Dec 2015.<http://www.europeanbestdestinations.com/travelguide/bordeaux/march%C3%
A9-des-capucins/>
Marché des Capucins: Le Ventre de Bordeaux.
(2). Marché des Capucins. n.p. Web. 01
Dec
2015.
<http://marchedescapucins.com/>
[1] Original Text “Les Capucins! Le phénomène persiste depuis deux siècles,
souhaitons qu’il se poursuivre au-delà du XXIe siècle.”
[2] Original text: “Vue de l’intérieur,
vue de l’extérieur; les Capucins et leurs marchands sont un monde qui a marqué
une époque, la mémoire de Bordeaux ne peut ignorer le phénomène, c’est un fait
social.”
Friday, November 27, 2015
That's enough work
I do apologize for doing so poorly at getting any blog posts written. I've been working on (and totally avoiding) this cognition paper because it is the devil. Who knew something three pages long could feel so evil.
I'm packing up now to leave this apartment and move in with Ana for the next 12 days before I leave Bordeaux. That's all that's really going on. I unfortunately have to think about think about the future (as in farther than what I'm going to maybe eat for dinner) in order to get everything out of my room and the rest of it all cleaned up. I didn't really make any amount of messes in the room though so I don't think they would really even notice if I didn't clean it, honestly. Maybe dusting the tops of the registers.
Last night I went to Julie's for her official housewarming party, though she's been there at least a month, and I think even more than that, because I don't remember anything about the original housewarming party except that I was there and I drew a hand turkey for her to put up on her wall (ironic that the next time I'd be in her apartment would be on Thanksgiving).
I had a good time at Julie's party. Then Sofie and I left around midnight to go back to Victoire. On the way I saw a tram (which I thought wasn't running anymore) and so I got on it. Turns out the tram wasn't moving and I was just sitting there for like 5 minutes. Yanis was on the same tram, so he came over to talk to me even though I hadn't seen him since the very beginning of the semester. In the end we got off the still-not-moving tram and walked up to Victoire together.
Then I bought a panini from the really quiet man that sometimes works the night shift at the bakery. He asked if I wanted sauce on it and I didn't know so I just agreed and he asked what kind and I didn't know so I just agreed again. In the end the sauce he put on was super delicious so that's definitely my plan for next time.
I have also learned how to hack the German language. I have some stress with the articles since there's three genders and then some other things about turning them declarative or something, and it's just a disaster. So I've decided if I'm ever in a situation where I need to actually get a message across to a German in German I'm going to drop all articles and just use "some/something" instead. Can we have a fork? now becomes Can we have some fork? which still sounds foolish, but I don't even care, #lifehack #ingenious
I'm done now. I think I did enough work today.
I'm packing up now to leave this apartment and move in with Ana for the next 12 days before I leave Bordeaux. That's all that's really going on. I unfortunately have to think about think about the future (as in farther than what I'm going to maybe eat for dinner) in order to get everything out of my room and the rest of it all cleaned up. I didn't really make any amount of messes in the room though so I don't think they would really even notice if I didn't clean it, honestly. Maybe dusting the tops of the registers.
Last night I went to Julie's for her official housewarming party, though she's been there at least a month, and I think even more than that, because I don't remember anything about the original housewarming party except that I was there and I drew a hand turkey for her to put up on her wall (ironic that the next time I'd be in her apartment would be on Thanksgiving).
I had a good time at Julie's party. Then Sofie and I left around midnight to go back to Victoire. On the way I saw a tram (which I thought wasn't running anymore) and so I got on it. Turns out the tram wasn't moving and I was just sitting there for like 5 minutes. Yanis was on the same tram, so he came over to talk to me even though I hadn't seen him since the very beginning of the semester. In the end we got off the still-not-moving tram and walked up to Victoire together.
Then I bought a panini from the really quiet man that sometimes works the night shift at the bakery. He asked if I wanted sauce on it and I didn't know so I just agreed and he asked what kind and I didn't know so I just agreed again. In the end the sauce he put on was super delicious so that's definitely my plan for next time.
I have also learned how to hack the German language. I have some stress with the articles since there's three genders and then some other things about turning them declarative or something, and it's just a disaster. So I've decided if I'm ever in a situation where I need to actually get a message across to a German in German I'm going to drop all articles and just use "some/something" instead. Can we have a fork? now becomes Can we have some fork? which still sounds foolish, but I don't even care, #lifehack #ingenious
I'm done now. I think I did enough work today.
Wednesday, November 18, 2015
Raise your hand if you feel these theories have been adequately "Exposed"
Sara MOHR
Anthropologie Biologique
20/11/2015
Multicentrique
et Unicentrique Théories
Quand
les enfants demandent aux parents « d’où viens-je ? », il y a
des preuves scientifiques pour expliquer, et les parents doivent seulement
choisir quelles parties de la réponse à donner.
Mais la question plus intéressante, « d’où
venons-nous ? » comme espèce H. sapiens, est aussi plus complexe et
moins prouvé. Dans la presse majeure, il
reste un débat entre deux théories de l’évolution humaine : la théorie
multicentrique, et la théorie unicentrique.
Les deux théories émettent des hypothèses pour expliquer comment les
humains ont évolué aux H. sapiens modernes.
Chaque théorie a des points empiriques et logiques pour la prouver, mais
il reste encore des problèmes et des questions.
On a besoin de plus de recherche pour déterminer si une des deux
théories est plus précise, ou si on doit chercher une nouvelle théorie en fin.
L’Encyclopedia
of Paleontology commence son description de la théorie évolutionnaire avec une
explication des petites différences de vocabulaire. Evolution est le fait établi que les
organismes changent au fil de temps, et la Théorie d’Évolution est la théorie
établi sur ce fait proposé par Darwin qui inclue le concept de sélection
naturelle. Or, la théorie évolutionnaire
est un dispositif d’informations qui essaie d’expliquer le fait d’évolution et
chaque complexité (Diamond 1999). Les
théories multicentrique et unicentrique sont des théories évolutionnaires ;
elles essaient d’expliquer, mais elles ne sont pas des théories établies comme
la gravité.
À
l’époque, la pensé générale est que les relatifs éteints près de nous étaient
les ancêtres directes, comme : Australopithèque engendrait H. habilis qui
engendrait H. erectus qui engendrait les Neandertal qui engendraient H.
sapiens. Cette idée est à l’opposition
de l’évolution buissonnante qu’on apprend dans les cours de sciences maintenant
(Bauduer 2015). Mais le buisson fait
l’étude plus difficile d’identifier les ancêtres directes. Les scientifiques n’avaient pas été dissuadés
par la perte des fossiles humains au fil de temps, ils acceptent le défi et
cherchent la preuve (Wood 2014).
Un os de
doigt et une dent était trouvé dans une grotte séparé par huit années. Quatre années après, les caractéristiques
étranges authentifiaient la présence d’une nouvelle espèce, les Denisovan, avec
l’aide de preuve de DNA. Ces résultats
avec des autres résultats génétiques des populations archaïques et modernes
conduisent les scientifiques de repenser des liens entre les humains fossiles
et les humains modernes (AccessScience 2014).
Les théories multicentrique et unicentrique essaient de décrire comment les
Denisovan et les autres espèces humaines peuvent s’intégrer dans notre buisson
d’humanité.
Les deux
modèles peuvent être différenciés par trois éléments : la géographie,
l’échelle de temps, et le processus (Stringer 2001). La théorie multicentrique est basée sur l’idée
que les populations des H. sapiens ont évolué d’H. erectus au même fil de temps
en Afrique, Australie, Europe, et l’Asie de l’Est depuis une million d’années (Nei
and Roychoudhury
1993). À l’inverse, la théorie unicentrique explique
que les H. sapiens ont évolué depuis 200,000 années seulement en Afrique, et
après ils ont migré au monde et remplacé les autres espèces sans interfécondité
(Nei and Roychoudhury 1993).
En
exposant la théorie multicentrique, il faut qu’on pense aux conditions
nécessaires : les échanges géniques entre les populations des humains et le
résultat--le réseau (Wolpoff, Hawks, and Caspari 2000). Quand Milford Wolpaff a développé sa théorie
évolutionnaire à l’Université de Michigan, la presse des années 90 l’a
appellé « candelabra » ou « menorah » qui a trop
simplifié la théorie (Hammer 2013, Gould 2002).
Multicentricité donne un réseau des interconnections pour expliquer tous
les deux phénomènes : la change évolutionnaire sur tout l’espèce, et les
distinctions et différentiations locales (Wolpoff, Hawks, and Caspari 2000). Hammer explique dans son article « Human
Hybrids » que la transformation d’archaïque à moderne est passée
graduellement, avec une combinaison de migration et fécondité. C’est ainsi que les traits modernes
bénéficiâtes ont été diffusé dans tous les populations. Il est probable que les caractères distinctes
entre les locales aient duré des ancêtres archaïques à cause de leurs avantages
spécifiques pour chaque région (Hammer 2013).
Dans le même article de Hammer, il discute qu’en plus, la théorie
multicentrique explique aussi le fait que toutes les personnes non-africain
modernes ont 1-4% des gènes Neandertal (Hammer 2013). Cette théorie n’a pas beaucoup de preuve
empirique, mais c’est en accord avec les génétiques conventionnelles des
populations maintenant (Lahr and Foley 1998).
Si
quelqu’un pense que l’évolution parallèle des populations de la théorie
multicentrique est trop farfelu, il existe une théorie moins orthodoxe qui
reste dans la même pensé. La modèle,
« Assimilation Model, » accepte l’origine africaine de la théorie
unicentrique (Hammer 2013). Mais
néanmoins elle refuse l’idée de remplacement ou migration comme la façon
d’évolution, et à la place est accord avec les explications de la théorie
multicentrique (Stringer 2001).
Les
conditions nécessaires pour la théorie unicentrique sont centrées sur l’idée
d’isolation reproductive entre les populations des hominides et les événements
de spéciation. Il y a de preuve
empirique dans paléontologie et génétiques pour une origine récente et localisé
en Afrique (Lahr and Foley 1998). Une
étude de DNA de mitochondrie a indiqué qu’il est possible que tous les humains
modernes aient descendu de la même femme à l’Afrique (Hammer 2013). Empiriquement, cette théorie est meilleure
que la théorie multicentrique, mais c’est un peu démodé à cause de son obstination
sur le concept d’interfécondité (Lahr and Foley 1998).
Cependant,
comme toujours, il existe des variations sur la théorie unicentrique. La « Hybridization Model » permette
l’interfécondité occasionnellement en l’installation des populations au monde (Hammer
2013). « Noah’s Ark » suggère
que H. sapiens était commencé dans un petit endroit complètement isolé des H.
erectus, et après ça ils ont diffusé (Gould 2002). Il y a plein d’autres variations
comme : « The (African) Hybridization and Replacement
Model, » « Garden of Eden Model of Harpending, » « Multiple
Dispersals Model of Lahr and Foley, » et « Toba Volcanic
Winter » qui ont les mêmes éléments commune de la théorie unicentrique (Stringer
2001).
Quoi que
la preuve ait découvert pour chaque théorie, pourquoi est-ce que ces théories
évolutionnaires pas encore établis ont un tel débat dans le public
général ? Lahr et Foley explique
que ça peut être à cause d’une impasse entre une pénurie de data, une question
de relevance des disciplines qui compètent, ou les paradigmes intellectuelles
qui compètent (Lehr and Foley 1998).
Pour le public général la troisième explication est le plus
probable : le public ne veut pas penser que notre origine comme humain
était petit, isolé, et par chance—donc ils refusent la théorie unicentrique (Gould
2002). Mais il y a aussi des personnes
qui ne comprennent pas les définitions des théories ou le processus de
spéciation en générale (Gould 2002).
Malgré
des problèmes dans le débat public, chaque théorie ont aussi des problèmes
théoriques. L’évolution parallèle,
proposant par la théorie multicentrique, des mêmes caractéristiques modernes
combinées avec la maintenance des caractéristiques régionales pendant 500,000
années donne les soupçonnes (Nei and Roychoudhury 1993). Les critiqueurs
de la théorie disent en plus que si on commette à la théorie multicentrique, on
doit aussi avoir le scepticisme et des nouvelles définitions de
« multiregionality. » Et à la
même façon, les critiqueurs d’unicentricité disent que cette théorie est un
retour à une vue prémoderne à l’évolution (Lahr and Foley). Il n’existe pas beaucoup de preuve que
l’interfécondité n’est pas passée depuis 100,000 années, et de plus la pénurie
de preuve n’est pas preuve dans lui-même (Nei and Roychoudhury 1993, Hammer
2013). La théorie unicentrique dépend
seulement sur la migration majeure, et ne répond pas à sélection naturelle ou le
patrimoine génique (Lahr and Foley).
Si on se
souvient précisément de tous les problèmes avec les théories multicentrique et
unicentrique, on voit qu’il est possible qu’on ait besoin d’une nouvelle
théorie. Lahr et Foley propose que
n’importe quelle théorie, elle doit représenter les patterns et diversités qui
changent au fil d’un seuil d’origine. Il
continue en disant que peut-être un aspect démographique, pas basé sur la
spéciation, pourrait être considéré (Lahr and Foley 1998). Michael Hammer propose spécifiquement une
théorie « African Multiregional Evolution » dans laquelle des traits
modernes étaient à cause de formes transitionnelles avant de leur
disparition. Cette théorie dépend sur
l’interfécondité directement pendant la transition d’archaïque à modernes (Hammer
2013).
En
définitive, les théories évolutionnaires de multicentricité et unicentricité
ont eu leurs places dans le monde scientifique et public. Ils ont montré les idées de l’origine des
humaines, et inspiré des nouvelles recherches et modèles. Bien qu’ils aient persisté pour plus de
trente ans, sauf la réception de nouvelle preuve, on ne peut pas décider quelle
théorie explique nos origines.
Références
Bibliographiques
AccessScience
Editors. “Discovery of Denisovans Expands the Human Family Tree.”
AccessScience
2014. Web. 15. Nov. 2015.
Bauduer,
Frédéric. “Qu’est-ce qu’un Homme?” Université de Bordeaux. Campus Victoire,
Bordeaux, France. 17 Sept. 2015. Lecture.
Diamond, Michael K.
“Evolutionary
Theory.” Encyclopedia of Paleontology.
Ed. Ronald
Singer. London: Routledge, 1999. Credo Reference. Web. 16 Nov. 2015.
Gould,
Stephen J. The Structure of Evolutionary
Theory. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University
Press. 2002. eBook.
Hammer,
Michael F. “Human Hybrids.” Scientific
American. 308.5 (2013): 66-71. Web. 01 Nov.
2015.
Lahr,
Marta M. and Foley, Robert A. “Towards a Theory of Modern Human Origins:
Geography,
Demography, and Diversity in Recent Human Evolution.” Yearbook of Physical Anthropology. 41 (1998): 137-176. Web. 01 Nov.
2015.
Nei,
Masatoshi and Roychoudhury, Arun K. “Evolutionary Relationships of Human
Populations
on
a Global Scale.” Molecular Biological
Evolution. 10.5 (1993): 927-943. Web. 01 Nov. 2015.
Palmié,
Stephan. “Introduction: Out of Africa.” Journal
of Religion in Africa. 37 (2007): 159-
173. Web. 01 Nov. 2015.
Stringer,
Chris. “Modern Human Origins—Distinguishing the Models.” African Archaeological
Review.
18.2 (2001): 67-75. Web. 01 Nov. 2015.
Templeton,
Alan R. “Uses of Evolutionary Theory in the Human Genome Project.” Annual
Review
of Ecology and Systematics. 30 (1999): 23-49. Web. 15 Nov.
2015.
Thomson,
Keith S. “The Challenge of Human Origins.” American
Scientist. 80.6 (1992): 519-
522.
Web. 15 Nov. 2015.
Wolfpoff,
Milford, Hawks, John, and Caspari, Rachel. “Multiregional, Not Multiple
Origins.”
American
Journal of Physical Anthropology. 112 (2000): 129-136.
Web. 01 Nov. 2015.
Wong,
Kate. “The Human Saga.” Scientific
America. 311.3 (2014). Web. 01 Nov. 2015.
Wood,
Bernard. “Welcome to the Family.” Scientific
American. 311.3 (2014). Web. 01 Nov.
2015.
Limitless Film Review (did I choose Limitless because I did a review on it in NSC 135? Yes.)
Sara MOHR
Anthropologie Visuel
19/11/2015
Limitless
Limitless, réalisé par Neil Berger en
2011, est un film science-fiction ; mais c’est peut-être plus fiction que
science (citation). Chez les
neurobiologistes, le contexte du film n’était pas de tout son cerveau. Ce mythe que les humains utilise seulement
20% de leur cerveaux est accepté comme faux, mais il reste des problèmes
scientifiques plus spécifique qui on peut questionner. En premier, le film présent quelques faits de
la nouvelle drogue qui ne sont pas consistent pendant le film. Ensuite, il présent aussi des faits vraiment
faux des drogues en regardant la neurobiologie.
Finalement, il est important à considérer si des films science-fiction
avec des inexactitudes causent des problèmes au même type que les films
historiques imprécis.
Eddie
est un écrivain qui n’a pas du succès en écrivant. Son ex-beau-frère, Vern, lui donne une
nouvelle drogue, NZT 48. Vern promet que
la drogue est approuvée par l’administration fédérale des drogues et qu’elle
n’a pas de symptômes. Quand Eddie prend
la drogue, il est plus attentif, motivé, et intelligent. Il peut apprendre tous très vite et il peut
souvenir tous qu’il a appris dans sa vie.
Mais, après que Vern est tué, Eddie apprend que NZT cause la maladie et
la mort si on arrête de la prendre.
Comme plein de films action, il y a un intrigue du nouveau travail
d’Eddie et le volage du drogue ; et les mécanismes de la drogue sont un intrigue
secondaire s’ils sont expliqués du tout.
Comme
drogué de NZT, les actions d’Eddie ne sont pas consistent de ses propres
actions au tour du film ou les actions des vrais drogués. Après la première fois qu’il a essayé la
drogue, Eddie retourne immédiatement à Vern pour chercher de plus. Cette action, et la suivante quand il vole
les pilules sont consistent avec les drogués.
Mais, en opposition, Eddie n’est pas concerné par combien de pilules il
a exactement à chaque moment. Dans une
scène important à l’intrigue du travail, il oublie qu’il a fini toutes les
pilules dans son appartement. Les vrais
drogués ont toujours la paranoïa des drogues, ils le questionnent de manière
obsessionnelle en paniquant de la situation (Larimer 2013). Eddie reste toujours calme, même sans ou plus
NZT dans son système, et il ne pense pas comme drogué pendant le film, malgré
ses actions au commencement.
En plus,
Limitless n’explique pas la perte de
mémoire qu’Eddie expérience la première fois qu’il manque de NZT. Ça marche comme symptôme de sevrage, mais
seulement s’il se passe chaque fois.
Mais les suivantes fois quand Eddie n’a pas de drogue, il n’a pas de
perte de mémoire non plus. Si la drogue
cause des restrictions de la codant des mémoires et c’est cette processus qui
cause la perte ; chaque fois qu’Eddie manque et reprend la drogue, il doit
avoir perdu tous ses mémoires qu’il a codé pendant la dernière fois qu’il a
pris NZT. Ça ne passe jamais dans le
film, et ce problème de mémoire n’est jamais résolu.
L’explication
que Vern donne à Eddie pour les mécanismes de NZT est trop simple pour
expliquer les changes neurobiologistiques dans le cerveau. Vern dit que les scientifiques ont trouvé les
« receptors that activate certain circumstances. » C’est une explication très vague et
inexacte. Il y a plein de récepteurs au
cerveau pour activer les neurones, mais seulement trouvant les récepteurs ne
répond pas comment la drogue les affects (Larimer 2013). Les récepteurs marchent avec l’aide d’un
ligand, et les scientifiques doivent aussi le chercher. En plus, pour avoir la réponse systématique
de NZT, il faut un plan pour toutes les connections des neurones, et ça
prendrait des quarantaines d’années.
Maintenant, il existe seulement deux ou trois animaux avec un plan des
connections : les animaux simples, comme les mouches et les limaces de la
mer.
Quand on
change le corps, le corps répond et change lui-même pour rester à
homéostasie. C’est ce fait qui cause la
tolérance des drogues. NZT, par contre,
ne cause pas la tolérance. Dans une
scène, Eddie dit qu’il va prendre deux pilules pour couper le temps il doit
pour apprendre. Mais il ne dit jamais
qu’il va, ou qu’il doit, continuer d’ajouter à la dose. Absolument tous dans l’environnement
contribue à la tolérance même si c’est quelque chose petit : comme
construire une tolérance à la couleur bleu.
Chaque fois qu’on le vu, il va prendre plus de temps pour avoir assez de
bleu. Pour les drogues, la tolérance est
typiquement quelque chose plus grande, et c’est les changes homéostatiques qui
causent le sevrage. Le corps doit
changer pour opposer les effets d’une drogue, et quand on arrête de la prendre,
les effets du sevrage sont les opposés de la drogue (Pinel, 2007). Pour NZT, les opposés seraient immotivé,
inintelligent, et moins attentif. On
voit des symptômes dans les autres drogués du film, mais sans la tolérance, ça
n’a pas du sens. En plus, les personnes
qui ont pris NZT pour plus longtemps ont plus de symptômes du sevrage que les
autres. Par l’explication d’homéostasie,
les effets peut être plus permanent, mais pas plus sévère sans la tolérance
(Solis 2013).
Le livre
Lab Coats in Hollywood : Science,
Scientists, and Cinema discute les problèmes des inexactitudes aux films
science-fiction comme celles vus en Limitless. Kirby distingue les trois types de science vu
dans les films : « Public Science, » « Expert
Science, » et « Folk Science. »
La différence entre les trois est la recognition des inexactitudes. Si tout le publique va le reconnaître, c’est
Public Science ; seulement les scientifiques, Expert Science ; et
Folk Science est la science bien connu comme vrai qui est vraiment fausse,
comme « le sucre cause l’hyperactivité dans les enfants » (Kirby 2011). Pour Limitless,
les inexactitudes sont plus comme Expert Science ; bon sens pour les
étudiants de neurobiologie, mais pas facile à trouver sur Wikipedia pour le
publique générale. Les cinéastes doivent
choisir si le réalisme est important pour chaque scène et détail dans le film
en considérant le budget, le dramatisme, l’art, et la technique. L’aube pour cette décision n’est pas pour les
scientifiques de décider, mais pour les cinéastes (Kirby 2011).
Il est
possible que la science-fiction soit un genre moins contrainte par les
inexactitudes que les autres. Les films historiques
sont plus critiqués pour les inexactitudes à cause de leurs problèmes de
déformation des vrais événements. Plein
d’enseigneurs utilisent les films dans leurs cours pour enseigner l’histoire,
mais est-ce que ça pose un problème si les faits sont faux ? La réponse est « oui. »
Une étude par Butler
et al. a demandé aux participants de lire un texte correct sur un événement
historique. Deux tiers des participants
ont vu aussi un film avec les inexactitudes flagrant du même événement. Les deux groupes qui ont vu le film ont eu
plus de réponses correctes sur un examen la semaine suivante, mais ils avaient
aussi des plus grandes proportions de désinformations. Les scientifiques ont divisé chaque groupe en
trois encore dans cette étude, et avant de lu le film chaque groupe était donné
une étage d’avertissement : générale, spécifique, ou pas du tout. Dans cette condition, seulement le groupe
avec l’avertissement spécifique n’a pas eu de désinformation (Butler et al.
2009). Cette étude monte l’importance
des inexactitudes dans les films historiques.
Les films aident les étudiants à souvenir l’information, mais de temps
en temps ils présentent aussi l’information fausse que les étudiants pense est
vrai même en savant que le film est fiction.
Il est
facile de comprendre pourquoi les films historiques doivent être utilisés avec
caution. Mais les DVDs ne sont pas
marqués avec un avertissement de verité.
On ne peut pas juger un film fiction par les inexactitudes parce qu’il
est vraiment « fiction » (Bartel 2012). Les cinéastes ont une licence artistique, et
le public doit décider pour lui-même si les inexactitudes vont changer
l’expérience d’un film. Comme tous
genres, dans l’anthropologie on doit de temps en temps laisser les
inexactitudes pour que le public comprendre le vrai sens du film et la culture
qu’on présente. De cette manière de
sauver la chose plus importante, les producteurs de Limitless ont utilisé la cinématographie pour bien montrer les
effets de NZT, et les effets spéciaux ont donné une bonne compréhension de quoi
les personnages pensent à la drogue.
Malgré les
inexactitudes neurobiologistiques, ce film n’a pas une application pour le vrai
monde et il n’est pas probable que quelque chose très mal va se passer si le
public prend les informations fausses dehors le cinéma. Limitless
a besoin de quelques changes de consistance avec NZT pendant le film, mais ça
ne change pas l’intrigue. Plus d’étude
est nécessaire pour déterminer si les films science-fiction doivent être plus
attentifs aux inexactitudes comme les films historiques, mais la question reste
maintenant dans les mains des scientifiques.
Références
Bartel
C. “The puzzle of historical
criticism.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Critism. 70.2
(2012): 213-222. Web.
Butler
A. C., Zaromb F. M., Lyle K. B., Roedigner III H. L. “Using popular films to enhance
classroom learning: The good, the bad, and
the interesting.” Psychological Science. 20.9
(2009):
1161-1168. Web.
Kirby,
D. A. Lab Coats in Hollywood: Science, Scientists, and Cinema. Cambridge, Mass: The
MIT Press, 2011. Web.
Larimer Bousquet S. “Bio
of the Mind.” Lecture presented at:
Wartburg College; 2013 Oct.
Limitless. Dir. Berger N. Relativity Media, 2011. Film.
Pinel J. Basics
of Biopsychology. University of
British Columbia: Pearson, 2007. Print.
Solis M. “A lifeline for addicts.” Scientific
American Mind. 24.1 (2013):
40-44. Web.
Eleven days later
So I haven't blogged for eleven days, and I can tell you honestly that I personally haven't done anything of note in the last eleven days either. Last week, on the whole, wasn't the most pleasant.
I had a test in FLE on Tuesday, and I did not get 100% on it, I can tell you that with certainty right now. While I prepared my expressions for the test, I didn't remember to add the ones we did the week before to the pile and thus had no idea what the last 4 answers were on the sheet. I also thought that we were taking an oral exam as well, so I prepared for that. But in the end, we did a listening comprehension plus these expressions and I'm dubious. Come to find out, this Tuesday was supposed to be the oral exam (which I had not prepared for because I thought I had just made it up) but then class was cancelled after I had already gone all the way down to Talence.
Wednesday was Armistice and Luisa and I worked on our Epistemology oral exam stuff. It's next Tuesday, and I'm not really certain how/what to prepare for it.
Thursday morning I went to the library to return my library book that was actually due on Wednesday but I had forgotten about Armistice so I didn't turn it in earlier. I asked how much I needed to pay and was informed that the book was not late. "But it was due yesterday?" "No, you have three days after that to turn it in, and you never have to pay, your card just gets blocked." This explains why no one takes deadlines seriously here. They must never have any ramifications if you don't get things done. I was ready to dish out 25 cents. I should have just kept the book the next three days, it was really interesting and I'd only read a couple relevant chapters.
Thursday night I found out that a classmate of ours from high school had committed suicide. He was really good friends with Kammie and I didn't really know what to do (though I still don't now).
Friday I spent the whole day working on my film review for Visual Anthropology. I was up until 11 or so finishing it when I got a message from Rachel asking if I was okay. I didn't know anything was going on yet so I told her about my backed-up shower. At that point, she realized I didn't know about the terrorist attacks on Paris. I stayed up quite a while after that and watched the news come in on the Guardian and CNN.
Saturday I think I took a slight break from paper writing after I finished my reference page and went to the other side of town exploring the backstreets of St. Catherine. When I got home I facetimed with Kammie and Madison and it was getting pretty late when I got a message from TayTay asking if she could interview me for the Wartburg paper. Because obvs I would do anything for any of my former stand partners (I sit really awkwardly far up and I imagine my hands are always blocking the music), I said that I would give her the interview. We skyped for quite a while and I answered her questions about how the attacks affected me as well as I could.
There haven't been any major changes here in Bordeaux because we are three hours away by TGV. I got an email from the president of the university telling us that our university wasn't going to be closed, we should limit all international travel, and that we need to carry around our student IDs or identity papers at all times.
Sunday I received an email from my secretary forwarded from the Minister of Education. We are all supposed to come in for identity checks to make sure all the international students are accounted for. However, since this is France, there is no deadline on when we have to do it, so I might go do it Friday or maybe next week.
I spent all of Sunday holed up writing my Biological Anthropology paper. I believe I finished it on Monday.
Tuesday I went to class(es) and then I had a lay down as far as I can remember. I may have started the tiniest amount of work on my Epistemology stuff, but as I'm not very much further today it couldn't have been very much.
Today I went to the post office and mailed Grandma a letter with a postcard. You have to physically lick the stamps and the ones for the US are bigger and I felt like a fool just standing there licking stamps. If you want to send a package (like an actual box of something) now, you have to show your identity papers. It's all part of the VigiPirate's upped security.
I tried to get on the Epistemology train today, but it really wanted to leave without me. I would say I'm about half way through the preparations for my oral exam for Monday, but I'd really like to finish it up tomorrow so I can get to work on my Cognition paper. I know that one is going to take more than two days, and it would be a dream if that one were done before Tuesday so I can finish up my essays for Wartburg and still have a last couple of nothing days before I move out of this apartment.
For your viewing pleasure, I will include my two completed papers following this blog.
I had a test in FLE on Tuesday, and I did not get 100% on it, I can tell you that with certainty right now. While I prepared my expressions for the test, I didn't remember to add the ones we did the week before to the pile and thus had no idea what the last 4 answers were on the sheet. I also thought that we were taking an oral exam as well, so I prepared for that. But in the end, we did a listening comprehension plus these expressions and I'm dubious. Come to find out, this Tuesday was supposed to be the oral exam (which I had not prepared for because I thought I had just made it up) but then class was cancelled after I had already gone all the way down to Talence.
Wednesday was Armistice and Luisa and I worked on our Epistemology oral exam stuff. It's next Tuesday, and I'm not really certain how/what to prepare for it.
Thursday morning I went to the library to return my library book that was actually due on Wednesday but I had forgotten about Armistice so I didn't turn it in earlier. I asked how much I needed to pay and was informed that the book was not late. "But it was due yesterday?" "No, you have three days after that to turn it in, and you never have to pay, your card just gets blocked." This explains why no one takes deadlines seriously here. They must never have any ramifications if you don't get things done. I was ready to dish out 25 cents. I should have just kept the book the next three days, it was really interesting and I'd only read a couple relevant chapters.
Thursday night I found out that a classmate of ours from high school had committed suicide. He was really good friends with Kammie and I didn't really know what to do (though I still don't now).
Friday I spent the whole day working on my film review for Visual Anthropology. I was up until 11 or so finishing it when I got a message from Rachel asking if I was okay. I didn't know anything was going on yet so I told her about my backed-up shower. At that point, she realized I didn't know about the terrorist attacks on Paris. I stayed up quite a while after that and watched the news come in on the Guardian and CNN.
Saturday I think I took a slight break from paper writing after I finished my reference page and went to the other side of town exploring the backstreets of St. Catherine. When I got home I facetimed with Kammie and Madison and it was getting pretty late when I got a message from TayTay asking if she could interview me for the Wartburg paper. Because obvs I would do anything for any of my former stand partners (I sit really awkwardly far up and I imagine my hands are always blocking the music), I said that I would give her the interview. We skyped for quite a while and I answered her questions about how the attacks affected me as well as I could.
There haven't been any major changes here in Bordeaux because we are three hours away by TGV. I got an email from the president of the university telling us that our university wasn't going to be closed, we should limit all international travel, and that we need to carry around our student IDs or identity papers at all times.
Sunday I received an email from my secretary forwarded from the Minister of Education. We are all supposed to come in for identity checks to make sure all the international students are accounted for. However, since this is France, there is no deadline on when we have to do it, so I might go do it Friday or maybe next week.
I spent all of Sunday holed up writing my Biological Anthropology paper. I believe I finished it on Monday.
Tuesday I went to class(es) and then I had a lay down as far as I can remember. I may have started the tiniest amount of work on my Epistemology stuff, but as I'm not very much further today it couldn't have been very much.
Today I went to the post office and mailed Grandma a letter with a postcard. You have to physically lick the stamps and the ones for the US are bigger and I felt like a fool just standing there licking stamps. If you want to send a package (like an actual box of something) now, you have to show your identity papers. It's all part of the VigiPirate's upped security.
I tried to get on the Epistemology train today, but it really wanted to leave without me. I would say I'm about half way through the preparations for my oral exam for Monday, but I'd really like to finish it up tomorrow so I can get to work on my Cognition paper. I know that one is going to take more than two days, and it would be a dream if that one were done before Tuesday so I can finish up my essays for Wartburg and still have a last couple of nothing days before I move out of this apartment.
For your viewing pleasure, I will include my two completed papers following this blog.
Saturday, November 7, 2015
Ville d'Hiver: Arcachon
Sara
Mohr
FR
450
Ville d’Hiver: Arcachon
A week or so after I arrived in
Bordeaux, I started a two-week French language course offered to me by the
Science and Technology faculty. This
course, unlike the subsequent three courses I’ve been enrolled in, included
trips to other locations as part of our fee.
In the midst of a personal housing crisis, I will admit that I did not
listen very well to the professor. While
I showed up to go on the trip to the dunes and the beach, and even remembered
to bring a lunch, I didn’t really put it together that going to the beach meant
I should bring my swim suit.
As such, the day trip consisted,
embarrassingly, mostly of my finding out things I should have already known by
paying more attention during the week.
I’ll begin with the first stop on our little trip: la Dune du Pilat. Sounds fun!
Little did I know that the full name of this dune is La Grande Dune du
Pilat, and it is the largest dune in Europe.
According to the official Dune du Pilat web site, it currently measures
110 meters high—for the non-metrics among us, 360.892 feet, or about 72 Saras
stacked directly on top of each other (La Grande Dune du Pilat). And honestly, finding 72 of my doppelgangers
would be much easier than climbing that dune.
It was, in a way, like climbing the Red Rock Arena in Colorado; amateur
anticipation to see the view from the top, but better suited as a place for
elite athletes to train. Had I known
that this dune was enormous and exercised my quads more than I ever needed, I
might have been a little more prepared, and not imagined tiny dunes for
relaxing the whole bus ride there.
Relaxing was, however, next on the
list at the Arcachon beach. To my
knowledge, I was the only person not prepared for this relaxing, and I had not
brought my swim suit, a towel, or any sunscreen. As a result, I am now the proud owner of a
kitten souvenir towel and a permanent keyhole back tan line. Because everyone else was in the ocean, I was
sitting alone on my towel in the sand eating my lunch when the professors
announced that they would be leading a tour through Arcachon’s Winter
Village. Winter is cold, and as I was
overheating, I latched onto a group of Germans heading that way and left the
beach.
Once again, my lack of information
had me at a loss for expectations. I
expected the Winter Village, La Ville
d’Hiver, to be one of those cute towns always decorated for Christmas. It is not.
It’s a regular town filled with large villas on sloping hills with lots
of staircases built into the hillside that will wreak further havoc on your
body. The history behind the Winter
Village was entrancing, though, and you could almost forget about the heat and
your sandal-ed feet trekking another three miles that day. Each villa we stopped at had its own special
story and seemed to be almost themed to distinguish themselves. They are so distinct, in fact, that within a
matter of minutes I was able to match this Facebook photo of my group at a
villa to that exact villa in 1978 using only a single compendium of Arcachon
and my rudimentary detective skills.
[Fig. 1 Just a Few Photos of Our Group 2015] [Fig. 2 Villa Teresa 1978]
Arcachon was originally known only
for the Ville d’Été, the Summer
Village, which still rests below the relatively more recent Winter
Village. According to an article by
Gubler, when Napoleon III, his wife, and the prince visited Arcachon for two
hours in 1859, his wife mentioned that it would be a good location for a winter
village (Gubler, 1988).
It wasn’t until 1862 that the Péreire
brothers made full purchase of the future Winter Village land and set about on
their business plans (Guerrand, 1988).
The Péreire family was wealthy, and made a habit of making excellent
investments. The Winter Village was an
aggregate of both financial and medical interests for the brothers as they set
out to build sanatoriums, or cure stations, for patients of tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the leading cause
of death for those aged 15-25, and many physicians subscribed to the teachings
of Galien: “the air that we breathe is more important than the medications that
we take”[1] (Fleury, 1988). According to the same article by Fleury,
tuberculosis sanatoriums were popular in the mountains at this time, as a place
to breathe clean air into your tuberculosis-ridden lungs, but that none had yet
been built on the Atlantic Coast due to the aggressive ocean winds. It was these same aggressive ocean winds that
Arcachon doctors believed kept their marine workers tuberculosis-free despite
their hygiene and working conditions (Fleury, 1988).
The 23 villas built by the Péreire
brothers as tuberculosis sanatoriums were completed in the winter of 1864 (Marrey,
1988). The villas had at least three
master bedrooms, but up to eight or even ten per villa (Guerrand, 1988). They cost three to five cents franc in winter
months, and four to seven in the summer months (Marrey, 1988). Oscar Dejean wrote at the time that Arcachon
had all of the urban advantages of medical care in an exotic location, “…a kind
of French Océanie. It’s Tahiti some
kilometers from Bordeaux”[2] (Guerrand, 1988).
Because of the Winter Village’s medical
prominence, doctors took a large part in the government as well. M. de Gabony at the inauguration of his Hôtel
Continental in 1890 said, “I bow before the medical body and I affirm that it
is only to them that the beautiful Arcachon city has the right to its initial
development and its uninterrupted progress”[3] (Fleury, 1988). After the recession following WWI, the
medical side of the Winter Village began its decent into tourism. Following the death of the last surviving
medical founder in 1935, the remaining members of the legion of doctors left
Arcachon just a few years before the discovery of antibiotic treatments for tuberculosis
(Guerrand, 1988). By 1939, Arcachon and
the Winter Village contained only the bourgeoisie (Fleury, 1988).
It was found that the Winter Village fared
no better rescuing patients from tuberculosis, with only an eight percent
improvement rate; no better or worse than any other sanatoriums of the time (Fleury,
1988). However, in 1952 it was stated in
a journal of hydrology and climatology that if coastal climate was recommended
against in every case of tuberculosis, the sanatoriums of Arcachon and Menton
were the exceptions (Guerrand, 1988).
The University of Bordeaux makes
international students undergo a tuberculosis test if they come from a
high-risk country, and as far as I’ve heard, none of the Spanish students
tested have been positive. Whether this
is because they were cured by our trip to Arcachon is unknown, but I would
recommend a trip to the Winter Village regardless of your tuberculosis status. My only suggestion is to wear sturdy shoes;
but I personally would like to see the city in its natural season, the winter,
so boots may be more appropriate.
Works Cited
Fleury,
R. (1988). La Ville d’Hiver d’Arcachon: Grandeur et Décadence. In Institut Français
d’Architecture.. P. Mardaga (Ed.). Arcachon
la Ville d’Hiver (7-11). Liège:
France.
Gubler,
J. (1988). Entre Mer et Forêt: La Ville aux Balcons d’Argent. In Institut
Français
d’Architecture. P. Mardaga (Ed.). Arcachon
la Ville d’Hiver (75-109). Liège:
France.
Guerrand,
R-H. (1988). La Ville dont les Princes
Furent des Médecins. In Institut
Français
d’Architecture. P. Mardaga (Ed.). Arcachon
la Ville d’Hiver (59-73). Liège:
France.
La Grande Dune du Pilat. An Exceptional National Monument. Web.
06 Nov. 2015.
http://www.ladunedupilat.com/
Marrey,
B. (1988). Arcachon ou Le Levier de l’Idée. In Institut Français
d’Architecture. P.
Mardaga (Ed.). Arcachon
la Ville d’Hiver (31-57). Liège:
France.
Images
Fig.
1 Sienkiewicz, M. (2015). Just a Few Photos of our Group… [digital
image]. Retrieved 06
Nov. 2015 from Facebook.
Fig.
2 Chabot and Dubau (1978) Villa Teresa,
[photograph]. From Inventaire Général-
Aquitaine,
retrieved from Arcachon La Ville d’Hiver (pg
198), Institut Français d’Architecture.
(1988). Arcachon la Ville d’Hiver. P. Mardaga (Ed.). Liège: France.
[1] Original text: “l’air que l’on
respire est plus important que les medicaments qu’on absorbe,” p.8
[2] Original text: “…une sort
d’Océanie Française. C’est Taïti à
quelques kilomètres de Bordeaux…” p. 60
[3] Original text: “Je m’incline devant
le corps médical et j’affirme que c’est à lui que la belle cite arcachonnaise
doit son développement initial et ses progress ininterrompus,” p. 9
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)

